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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CCl m F 4−m and C 2 Cl m F 6−m, where m is nonzero. Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formula CCl m F n H 4−m−n and C 2 Cl x F y H 6−x−y, where m, n, x, and y are nonzero.
CFC-113 is a very unreactive chlorofluorocarbon. It remains in the atmosphere about 90 years, [ 9 ] sufficiently long that it will cycle out of the troposphere and into the stratosphere . In the stratosphere, CFC-113 can be broken up by ultraviolet radiation (UV, sunlight in the 190-225 nm range), generating chlorine radicals (Cl•), which ...
Pages in category "Chlorofluorocarbons" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Water retention curve is the relationship between the water content, θ, and the soil water potential, ψ. The soil moisture curve is characteristic for different types of soil, and is also called the soil moisture characteristic. It is used to predict the soil water storage, water supply to the plants (field capacity) and soil aggregate stability.
Stormwater storage is also provided by the voids in the planting soil. The stored water and nutrients in the water and soil are then available to the plants for uptake. The layout of the bioretention area is determined after site constraints such as location of utilities, underlying soils, existing vegetation, and drainage are considered.
Pores (the spaces that exist between soil particles) provide for the passage and/or retention of gasses and moisture within the soil profile.The soil's ability to retain water is strongly related to particle size; water molecules hold more tightly to the fine particles of a clay soil than to coarser particles of a sandy soil, so clays generally retain more water. [2]
Water balance. Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to the water table ...
An industrial wastewater treatment plant may include one or more of the following rather than the conventional treatment sequence of sewage treatment plants: An API oil-water separator, for removing separate phase oil from wastewater. [43]: 180 A clarifier, for removing solids from wastewater. [44]: 41–15