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  2. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-tri...

    CFC-113 is a very unreactive chlorofluorocarbon. It remains in the atmosphere about 90 years, [ 9 ] sufficiently long that it will cycle out of the troposphere and into the stratosphere . In the stratosphere, CFC-113 can be broken up by ultraviolet radiation (UV, sunlight in the 190-225 nm range), generating chlorine radicals (Cl•), which ...

  3. Chlorofluorocarbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon

    Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CCl m F 4−m and C 2 Cl m F 6−m, where m is nonzero. Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formula CCl m F n H 4−m−n and C 2 Cl x F y H 6−x−y, where m, n, x, and y are nonzero.

  4. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

    Water purification combines a number of methods to produce potable or drinking water. Downstream processing refers to purification of chemicals, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients produced by fermentation or synthesized by plant and animal tissues, for example antibiotics, citric acid, vitamin E, and insulin.

  5. Water retention on random surfaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_retention_on_random...

    Water retention on a random surface of 10 levels. Water retention on five levels. One system in which the retention question has been studied is a surface of random heights. Here one can map the random surface to site percolation, and each cell is mapped to a site on the underlying graph or lattice that represents the system.

  6. Organofluorine chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofluorine_chemistry

    The nonflammability and nontoxicity of the chlorofluorocarbons CCl 3 F and CCl 2 F 2 attracted industrial attention in the 1920s. General Motors settled on these CFCs as refrigerants and had DuPont produce them via Swarts' method. [39] In 1931, Bancroft and Wherty managed to solve fluorine's explosion problem by diluting it with inert nitrogen ...

  7. Finite water-content vadose zone flow method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_water-content...

    The finite water content vadose zone flux method works with any monotonic water retention curve/unsaturated hydraulic conductivity relations such as Brooks and Corey [16] Clapp and Hornberger [17] and van Genuchten-Mualem. [18] The method might work with hysteretic water retention relations- these have not yet been tested.

  8. Perfluorinated compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluorinated_compound

    A 2018 report to Congress indicated that "at least 126 drinking water systems on or near military bases" were contaminated with PFAS compounds. [8] [9] A 2016 study found unsafe [10] levels of fluorosurfactants in 194 out of 4,864 water supplies in 33 U.S. states. Covering two-thirds of drinking water supplies in the United States, the study ...

  9. Blowing agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowing_agent

    Methods include whisking-in air or other gases or low boiling volatile liquids in low viscosity lattices, or the injection of a gas into an extruder barrel or a die, or into injection molding barrels or nozzles and allowing the shear/mix action of the screw to disperse the gas uniformly to form very fine bubbles or a solution of gas in the melt.