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The scientist–practitioner model, also called the Boulder Model, [1] is a training model for graduate programs that provide applied psychologists with a foundation in research and scientific practice.
The practitioner–scholar model is an advanced educational and operational model that is focused on practical application of scholarly knowledge. [1] It was initially developed to train clinical psychologists but has since been adapted by other specialty programs such as business, public health, and law.
David Shakow (1901–1981) was an American psychologist.He is perhaps best known for his development of the Scientist-Practitioner Model (or Boulder Model) of graduate training for clinical psychologists, adopted by the American Psychological Association in 1949.
[2] [3] He developed the scientist-practitioner model as the basis for training in clinical psychology. [4] Although Shapiro and Eysenck worked together, they were at odds on various issues, including of note, the appointment of Stanley Rachman to their faculty. [5]
WWII helped bring dramatic changes to clinical psychology, not just in America but internationally as well. Graduate education in psychology began adding psychotherapy to the science and research focus based on the 1947 scientist-practitioner model, known today as the Boulder Model, for PhD programs in clinical psychology. [14]
I-O psychologists are trained in the scientist–practitioner model. As an applied psychology field, the discipline involves both research and practice and I-O psychologists apply psychological theories and principles to organizations and the individuals within them. [ 5 ]
The Committee concluded that the scientist-practitioner model failed to do either of the jobs for which it was designed and recommended several important changes, including: establishing separate practice-oriented programs, potentially in locations other than university psychology departments; developing a practice-oriented training model; and ...
The purpose of the conference was to come up with a standard training plan for clinical psychologists. The result of the conference was the creation of the Boulder model, also known as the scientist-practitioner model. [11] According to this model, clinical graduate students need to adhere to the scientific method in their applied practices.