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Rhyolitic lava dome of Chaitén Volcano during its 2008–2010 eruption One of the Inyo Craters, an example of a rhyolite dome Nea Kameni seen from Thera, Santorini. In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular, mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.
Lava domes are common features on volcanoes around the world. Lava domes are known to exist on plate margins as well as in intra-arc hotspots, and on heights above 6000 m and in the sea floor. [ 1 ] Individual lava domes and volcanoes featuring lava domes are listed below.
Lava domes are formed by the extrusion of viscous felsic magma. They can form prominent rounded protuberances, such as at Valles Caldera. As a volcano extrudes silicic lava, it can form an inflation dome or endogenous dome, gradually building up a large, pillow-like structure which cracks, fissures, and may release cooled chunks of rock and rubble.
Mount Amorong a potentially active lava dome, part of the Amorong Volcanic Group, is located at the northern end of the Luzon Central Plain, in Umingan, Pangasinan, Region I, on the island of Luzon, in the Philippines.
West Crater is a small lava dome, [2] made up of andesitic lava with two large lava flows. It is not highly prominent. The volcanic edifice has a ridge of Tertiary volcanic and intrusive rock, which lies on the southern edge of West Crater. West Crater's dome reaches an elevation of 950 feet (290 m), with a diameter of 3,166 feet (965 m).
Mammoth Mountain is a lava dome complex in Mono County, California. It lies in the southwestern corner of the Long Valley Caldera [6] and consists of about 12 rhyodacite and dacite overlapping domes. [7] These domes formed in a long series of eruptions from 110,000 to 57,000 years ago, building a volcano that reaches 11,059 feet (3,371 m) in ...
Mount Tauhara is a dormant lava dome [1] volcano in New Zealand's North Island, reaching 1,088 metres (3,570 ft) above sea level.It is situated in the area of caldera rim overlap of the Whakamaru Caldera and Taupō Volcano towards the centre of the Taupō Volcanic Zone, which stretches from Whakaari / White Island in the north to Mount Ruapehu in the south. [2]
The lava dome complex, named Santiaguito, is still active today with over 1 km 3 of lava erupted so far. The lava dome complex has four main domes: El Caliente, La Mitad, El Monje and El Brujo. The currently active vent is El Caliente. [15] The dome growth has been both endogenous and exogenous. The former implies dome interior expansion to ...