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The Desert Fathers were early Christian hermits and ascetics, who lived primarily in the Scetes desert of the Roman province of Egypt, beginning around the third century AD. The Apophthegmata Patrum is a collection of the wisdom of some of the early desert monks and nuns , in print as Sayings of the Desert Fathers .
In the Byzantine Rite, whenever a priest is officiating, after the Lord's Prayer he intones this augmented form of the doxology, "For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto ages of ages.", [k] and in either instance, reciter(s) of the prayer reply "Amen".
Augustine (354–430), Bishop of Hippo, was a philosopher and theologian. Augustine, a Latin Father and Doctor of the Church, is one of the most important figures in the development of Western Christianity. In his early life, Augustine read widely in Greco-Roman rhetoric and philosophy, including the works of Platonists such as Plotinus. [55]
The text of the Matthean Lord's Prayer in the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible ultimately derives from first Old English translations. Not considering the doxology, only five words of the KJV are later borrowings directly from the Latin Vulgate (these being debts, debtors, temptation, deliver, and amen). [1]
In 3rd century Roman Egypt, the Coptic Rite Desert Fathers in Scetes carried pebbles in pouches to count their praying of the Psalms. [3] The Pater Noster Cord, however, originated in the 8th century Celtic Church in Gaelic Ireland as a means to count the recitation of the one hundred and fifty Psalms in the Christian Bible, which are incorporated into the fixed prayer times of Christianity. [5]
[3] [4] [5] The early Christians thus came to recite the Lord's Prayer thrice a day at 9 am, 12 pm, and 3 pm, supplanting the former Amidah predominant in the Hebrew tradition; [6] [7] [8] as such, many Lutheran and Anglican churches ring their church bells from belltowers three times a day: in the morning, at noon and in the evening summoning ...
After the 10th century, during the Byzantine Empire, the traditions of the Desert Fathers led to a style of life and prayer in the Eastern Church called hesychasm, developed particularly on Mount Athos in Greece. St. Gregory of Sinai is generally considered by most to be the founder of the hesychastic approach to prayer in early 14th century.
Some say an alternate version of the last prayer: I have sinned immeasurably; Lord have mercy and forgive me, a sinner. (Bow.) Then the Axion Estin is said, followed by: Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. (Bow.) Now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen. (Bow.) Lord, have mercy, Lord, have mercy. Lord, bless (Bow.)