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Windows setup decides whether the system is uniprocessor or multiprocessor, then, installs both the PAE and non-PAE variants of the kernel image for the decided kind. On a multiprocessor system, Setup installs ntkrnlmp.exe and ntkrpamp.exe but renames them to ntoskrnl.exe and ntkrnlpa.exe respectively.
The Native API is also used by subroutines such as those in kernel32.dll that implement the Windows API, the API based on which most of the Windows components are created. Most of the Native API calls are implemented in ntoskrnl.exe and are exposed to user mode by ntdll.dll. The entry point of ntdll.dll is LdrInitializeThunk.
In Windows NT, the booting process is initiated by NTLDR in versions before Vista and the Windows Boot Manager (BOOTMGR) in Vista and later. [4] The boot loader is responsible for accessing the file system on the boot drive, starting ntoskrnl.exe, and loading boot-time device drivers into memory.
Driver Verifier is a tool included in Microsoft Windows that replaces the default operating system subroutines with ones that are specifically developed to catch device driver bugs. [1] Once enabled, it monitors and stresses drivers to detect illegal function calls or actions that may be causing system corruption.
Accesses the file system on the boot drive (either FAT or New Technology File System, NTFS). If Windows was put in the hibernation state, the contents of hiberfil.sys are loaded into memory and the system resumes where it left off. Otherwise, reads boot.ini and prompts the user with the boot menu accordingly.
The Windows installation procedure determines which ones are appropriate for the current platform and copies it to the hard drive, renaming it to hal.dll if necessary. Among the criteria for this selection are: the presence of an ACPI -compatible BIOS, the presence of an APIC , and whether or not multiple processors are present and enabled.
MSConfig is a troubleshooting tool which is used to temporarily disable or re-enable software, device drivers or Windows services that run during startup process to help the user determine the cause of a problem with Windows. Some of its functionality varies by Windows versions: [3]
A WDTLER.EXE utility allows the enabling or disabling of the TLER parameter on Western Digital hard drives. This utility is written for DOS. The utility works on and makes changes to all compatible Western Digital hard disk drives connected to the computer. The change survives power-cycling. Western Digital used to mention the tool in an FAQ. [12]