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A pregnant woman sleeping on her back after 28 weeks of pregnancy may be a risk factor for stillbirth. [22] [27] After a stillbirth there is a 2.5% risk of another stillbirth in the next pregnancy (an increase from 0.4%). [28] In the United States, highest rates of stillbirths happen in pregnant women who: [29] are of low socioeconomic status
The following tests have been promoted as supposedly diagnosing placental insufficiency, but all have been unsuccessful at predicting stillbirth due to placental insufficiency: [44] [45] Placental grading; Amniotic fluid index; Fetal biophysical profile test scoring; Doppler velocimetry; Routine ultrasound scanning
This means that it is not possible to entirely correlate a positive KB stain and high with a stillbirth, though in many cases, given other information, such as known hereditary complications of pregnancy, extremely high positive correlation coefficients + between FMH and stillbirth have been observed.
Postterm pregnancy is when a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the typical 40-week duration of pregnancy. [1] Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including fetal malnutrition, meconium aspiration syndrome , and stillbirths . [ 2 ]
Pregnancy detection can be accomplished using one or more various pregnancy tests, [76] which detect hormones generated by the newly formed placenta, serving as biomarkers of pregnancy. [77] Blood and urine tests can detect pregnancy by 11 and 14 days, respectively, after fertilization. [78] [79] Blood pregnancy tests are more sensitive than ...
The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. [2] Both the size and the position of the fetus can lead to obstructed labor. Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. [2]
Complications for the baby can include fetal distress, low birthweight, preterm delivery, and stillbirth. [2] [3] The cause of placental abruption is not entirely clear. [2] Risk factors include smoking, pre-eclampsia, prior abruption (most important and predictive risk factor), trauma during pregnancy, cocaine use, and previous cesarean section.
Pregnancy tests may be used to predict if a pregnancy is likely to continue or is abnormal. Miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion or pregnancy loss , is common in early pregnancy. [ 29 ] Serial quantitative blood tests may be done, usually 48 hours apart, and interpreted based on the knowledge that hCG in a viable normal pregnancy rises rapidly ...