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When radiation deposits enough energy in organic tissue to cause ionization, this tends to break molecular bonds, and thus alter the molecular structure of the irradiated molecules. Less energetic radiation, such as visible light, only causes excitation, not ionization, which is usually dissipated as heat with relatively little chemical damage ...
Radiolysis of intracellular water by ionizing radiation creates peroxides, which are relatively stable precursors to hydroxyl radicals. 60%–70% of cellular DNA damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals, [3] yet hydroxyl radicals are so reactive that they can only diffuse one or two molecular diameters before reacting with cellular components.
Exposure to high doses of radiation causes DNA damage, later creating serious and even lethal chromosomal aberrations if left unrepaired. Ionizing radiation can produce reactive oxygen species, and does directly damage cells by causing localized ionization events. The former is very damaging to DNA, while the latter events create clusters of ...
In some Environmental Protection Agency references, the ionization of a typical water molecule at an energy of 33 eV is referenced [17] as the appropriate biological threshold for ionizing radiation: this value represents the so-called W-value, the colloquial name for the ICRU's mean energy expended in a gas per ion pair formed, [18] which ...
A high-glycemic diet (one that causes high blood sugar) has been significantly associated with acne in multiple studies, according to a 2022 systematic review in JAAD International.
Two properties are crucial regarding photoionization. On the one hand, the ionization energy (also called ionization potential, IP), refers to the energy necessary to remove one electron from a molecule; the lowest IP, corresponding to the ejection of a first electron, is the most biologically relevant factor. On the other hand, the ...
A new study suggests that eating red meat and sugar may contribute to colorectal cancer among young people. According to the researchers, there has been a significant surge in the diagnosis of ...
Additionally, alcohol can block the body from breaking down certain nutrients that can increase cancer risk. Alcohol can also increase blood levels of the sex hormone estrogen, which has been ...
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