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Since there is no added white space built into a typical full stop (period), other than that above the full stop itself, full stops contribute to the river effect in a limited way. At one time, common word-processing software adjusted only the spacing between words, which was a source of the river problem.
Typography is the art and technique of setting written subject matter in type using a combination of typeface styles, point sizes, line lengths, line leading, character spacing, and word spacing to produce typeset artwork in physical or digital form. The same block of text set with line-height 1.5 is easier to read: Typography is the art and technique of setting written subject matter in type ...
Kerning contrasted with tracking (letter-spacing): with spacing the "kerning perception" is lost. While tracking adjusts the space between characters evenly, regardless of the characters, kerning adjusts the space based on character pairs. There is strong kerning between the "V" and the "A", and no kerning between the "S" and the "T".
Letter spacing, character spacing or tracking is an optically consistent typographical adjustment to the space between letters to change the visual density of a line or block of text. Letter spacing is distinct from kerning , which adjusts the spacing of particular pairs of adjacent characters such as "7."
Comparison between variable-width fonts and monospaced fonts. A monospaced font, also called a fixed-pitch, fixed-width, or non-proportional font, is a font whose letters and characters each occupy the same amount of horizontal space. [1] [a] This contrasts with variable-width fonts, where the letters and spacings have different widths.
Note the increased edge contrast with the hinted text but more faithful character shape and more natural inter-character spacing in the unhinted text. Font hinting , also known as instructing , is the use of mathematical instructions to adjust the display of an outline font so that it lines up with a rasterized grid.
They also offer more comprehensive libraries of "kerning pairs" that tell the application how much space to allow between all possible combinations of letter pairs. Typographers try to minimize or eliminate the river effect. In Finer Points in the Spacing & Arrangement of Type, Canadian typographer Geoffrey Dowding explains as follows.
It is hard to determine how much spacing should be put in between words, but a good typographer is able to determine proper spacing. [3] When text and spacing are consistent, this makes it easier to read. [3] Geoffrey Dowding describes the nature of spacing since the invention of printing from moveable type in the fifteenth century.