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[9] [10] The first English-language report, in 1931, originated from Dunlap and Kepler, physicians at the Mayo Clinic; they described the condition in a patient with features of Graves' disease. [2] [10] In 1937 periodic paralysis was linked with hypokalemia, as well as precipitation of attacks with glucose and insulin.
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder, in which the body produces antibodies that are specific to a self-protein - the receptor for thyroid-stimulating hormone. (Antibodies to thyroglobulin and to the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 may also be produced.) These antibodies cause hyperthyroidism because they bind to the TSHr and chronically ...
This is a shortened version of the third chapter of the ICD-9: Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders. It covers ICD codes 240 to 279. The full chapter can be found on pages 145 to 165 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
Thyrotoxicosis factitia (alimentary thyrotoxicosis, exogenous thyrotoxicosis) [1] [2] is a condition of thyrotoxicosis caused by the ingestion [3] of exogenous thyroid hormone. [4] [5] It can be the result of mistaken ingestion of excess drugs, such as levothyroxine [6] and triiodothyronine, [7] or as a symptom of Munchausen syndrome.
Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism. [3] Some, however, use the terms interchangeably. [ 5 ] Signs and symptoms vary between people and may include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat , heat intolerance , diarrhea ...
Myxedema is known to occur in various forms of hypothyroidism, as well as hyperthyroidism, including Graves disease. One of the hallmarks of Grave's disease is pretibial myxedema, myxedema of the lower limb. [2] Myxedema is more common in women than in men. [3] Myxedema can occur in: Hyperthyroidism, associated with pretibial myxedema and ...
Both NTIS and primary hypothyroidism may have reduced fT3 and fT4, and elevated TSH (which is common in the hospital, during the recovery phase of NTIS). [2] Prescribing thyroxine to treat this may lead to lifelong thyroid overtreatment. [2] Hyperthyroidism may be assumed due to decreased TSH and a transient fT4 increase.
Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, [10] [11] [12] and treatment varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [13] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid ...