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Alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin are human serum protease inhibitors that completely inhibit the general proteolytic activity of pancreatic elastase 1 and 2. It has been observed that a protease must be active in order to bind to these two inhibitors. Studies proved that the activity of elastase 2 was enhanced in 25-250 mM NaCl.
The latter is a less used test that assesses exocrine function in the pancreas by inserting a tube into the small intestine to collect pancreatic secretions. The fecal elastase test is a less cumbersome test that has replaced the 72-hour fecal fat test; in the fecal elastase test, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (enzyme supplementation ...
Pancreatic elastase II (EC 3.4.21.71, pancreatic elastase 2) is an enzyme. [1] [2] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction. Preferential cleavage: Leu-, Met- and Phe-. Hydrolyses elastin. This peptidase from trypsin family is formed by activation of proelastase II from mammalian pancreas by trypsin.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can be confirmed by also checking a fecal elastase level, with low levels specifying exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. [3] A quantitative fecal fat test can also be done to quantify the fat levels in the stool and confirm the presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. [3]
The four "pancreatic elastases", chymotrypsin, and neutrophil elastase are serine proteases. [3] The "macrophage elastase" is a matrix metallopeptidase.. Chymotrypsin is weaker at digesting elastin than the architypical pancreatic elastase.
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However, both enzymes can be elevated in other disease states. In chronic pancreatitis, the fecal pancreatic elastase-1 (FPE-1) test is a marker of exocrine pancreatic function. Additional tests that may be useful in evaluating chronic pancreatitis include hemoglobin A1C, immunoglobulin G4, rheumatoid factor, and anti-nuclear antibody. [32]