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The physical properties [31] of polymer strongly depend on the length (or equivalently, the molecular weight) of the polymer chain. [32] One important example of the physical consequences of the molecular weight is the scaling of the viscosity (resistance to flow) in the melt. [ 33 ]
The interaction strength depends on the distance between the parallel chain segments, and it determines the mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer. [ 8 ] The growth of the crystalline regions preferably occurs in the direction of the largest temperature gradient and is suppressed at the top and bottom of the lamellae by the amorphous ...
To customize the properties of a plastic, different molecular groups called side chains hang from this backbone; they are usually attached to the monomers before the monomers themselves are linked together to form the polymer chain. The structure of these side chains influences the properties of the polymer.
Branching also affects chain entanglement, the ability of chains to slide past one another, in turn affecting the bulk physical properties. Long chain branches may increase polymer strength, toughness, and the glass transition temperature (T g) due to an increase in the number of entanglements per chain. A random and short chain length between ...
In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature).
The presence of chloride groups gives the polymer very different properties from the structurally related material polyethylene. [17] At 1.4 g/cm 3, PVC's density is also higher than structurally related plastics such as polyethylene (0.88–0.96 g/cm 3) and polymethylmethacrylate (1.18 g/cm 3).
Thermosetting plastics are generally stronger than thermoplastic materials due to the three-dimensional network of bonds (crosslinking), and are also better suited to high-temperature applications up to the decomposition temperature since they keep their shape as strong covalent bonds between polymer chains cannot be broken easily. The higher ...
Polymer morphology is a microscale property that is largely dictated by the amorphous or crystalline portions of the polymer chains and their influence on each other. Microscopy techniques are especially useful in determining these microscale properties, as the domains created by the polymer morphology are large enough to be viewed using modern ...