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In academia as well, much remains to be accomplished in terms of gender equality. Many departments, especially those in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, are heavily male-dominated. [40] Women achieve disproportionately less prestige and success in academia than their male counterparts. [41]
Female engineering majors match their male counterparts in number who go into the engineering occupation, but physical and life sciences majors turned toward a broader range of careers outside STEM. [26] Within these career fields, there is a pattern of sexist hiring practices that lead to less women being hired in these fields. [26]
The differences in the intended majors between male and female first-time freshmen directly relate to the differences in the fields in which men and women earn their degree. At the post-secondary level, women are less likely than men to earn a degree in mathematics, physical sciences, or computer sciences and engineering.
Gender diversity on corporate boards has been widely discussed, [2] [3] [4] and many ongoing initiatives study and promote gender diversity in fields traditionally dominated by men, including computing, engineering, medicine, and science. It is argued that some proposed explanations are without merit and are in fact dangerous, while others do ...
Girls may be encouraged to learn skills valued in female-dominated fields, while boys might learn leadership skills for male-dominated occupations. For example, as they move into the secondary and post-secondary phases of their education, boys tend to gravitate more toward STEM courses than their female classmates. [55]
Vietnam Pictorial published a collage contrasting a photo of a Vietnamese female fighter and a Chinese male prisoner with an earlier photo of a Vietnamese female fighter and American male prisoner for propaganda purposes. [63] Some of the Vietnamese soldiers taken prisoner by China were women, and they were exchanged for the captured Chinese ...
In 2011, only 14 percent of the armed forces were female, and only 14 percent of officers were female. [40] Another example is the U.S. congress. In 2015, 80 percent of the Senate was male, and only 20 was female. This numbers were similar for the House, at 80.6 percent male and 19.4 percent female. [41]
Sociologists Arthur Brittan and Satoshi Ikeda describe masculinism as an ideology justifying male domination in society. [ c ] [ 20 ] Masculinism, according to Brittan, maintains that there is "a fundamental difference" between men and women and rejects feminist arguments that male–female relationships are political constructs.