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DE440 and DE441 were published in 2021, with improvements in the orbits of Jupiter, Saturn and Pluto from more recent spacecraft observations. [7] JPL ephemerides have been the basis of the ephemerides of sun, moon and planets in the Astronomical Almanac since the volumes for 1984 through 2002, which used JPL's ephemeris DE200.
Cerium(IV) aqueous solutions may be prepared by reacting cerium(III) solutions with the strong oxidizing agents peroxodisulfate or bismuthate. The value of E ⦵ (Ce 4+ /Ce 3+) varies widely depending on conditions due to the relative ease of complexation and hydrolysis with various anions, although +1.72 V is representative. Cerium is the only ...
It exists as the anhydrous salt Ce(SO 4) 2 as well as a few hydrated forms: Ce(SO 4) 2 (H 2 O) x, with x equal to 4, 8, or 12. These salts are yellow to yellow/orange solids that are moderately soluble in water and dilute acids. Its neutral solutions slowly decompose, depositing the light yellow oxide CeO 2. Solutions of ceric sulfate have a ...
It also forms upon evaporation of solutions of cerium(IV) in nitric acid. [10] When this meets ammonia in water solution it reacts to form ceric ammonium nitrate and ceric hydroxide. [10] Basic dicerium nitrate has the formula Ce 2 O(NO 3) 6 (H 2 O) 6 ·2H 2 O. Again it crystallizes from solutions of cerium(IV) in nitric acid.
Cerium(III) chloride (CeCl 3), also known as cerous chloride or cerium trichloride, is a compound of cerium and chlorine.It is a white hygroscopic salt; it rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a hydrate, which appears to be of variable composition, [1] though the heptahydrate CeCl 3 ·7H 2 O is known.
The anion [Ce(NO 3) 6] 2− has T h (idealized O h) molecular symmetry. The CeO 12 core defines an icosahedron. [4] Ce 4+ is a strong one-electron oxidizing agent. In terms of its redox potential (E° ≈ 1.61 V vs. N.H.E.) it is an even stronger oxidizing agent than Cl 2 (E° ≈ 1.36 V). Few shelf-stable reagents are stronger oxidants.
Naturally occurring cerium is made up of four isotopes: 136 Ce (0.19%), 138 Ce (0.25%), 140 Ce (88.4%), and 142 Ce (11.1%). All four are observationally stable , though the light isotopes 136 Ce and 138 Ce are theoretically expected to undergo double electron capture to isotopes of barium , and the heaviest isotope 142 Ce is expected to undergo ...
GNU MCSim a simulation and numerical integration package, with fast Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo capabilities. ML.NET is a free-software machine-learning library for the C# programming language. [4] [5] NAG Library is an extensive software library of highly optimized numerical-analysis routines for various programming environments.