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Progesterone (P4), sold under the brand name Prometrium among others, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. [20] It is a progestogen and is used in combination with estrogens mainly in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women.
Progesterone can cause the emergence (or significant worsening) of abdominal pain, constipation, yeast infections, breast cancer, cystitis, acne, conjunctivitis, thrombotic disorders resulting in pulmonary embolus, strokes or heart attacks, epilepsy, migraine, asthma, and cardiac or renal dysfunction.
It may have a decreased risk of breast and colorectal cancer, though conversely it can be associated with vaginal bleeding, endometrial cancer, and increase the risk of stroke in women over age 60 years. [127] [128] Vaginal estrogen can improve local atrophy and dryness, with fewer systemic effects than estrogens delivered by other routes. [129]
Women in their 30s and 40s should be aware of the potential increased breast cancer risk associated with the ‘high-dose’ hormone IUD, and it’s important to include this knowledge in the ...
The increase in breast cancer risk with estrogen and progestogen therapy was shown to be causal with conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate in the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trials. [122] [155] Breast cancer risk with combined estrogen and progestogen therapy may differ depending on the progestogen used.
Researchers found that taking calcium and vitamin D supplements lowered a woman’s long-term risk of dying from cancer by 7%, but increased the risk of death due to heart disease by 6%. The study ...
A hormone-sensitive cancer, or hormone-dependent cancer, is a type of cancer that is dependent on a hormone for growth and/or survival. If a tumor is hormone-sensitive, it means that there are special proteins called receptors on cells surface. When the hormone bind the matched receptor, it results in growth and spread of cancer cells.
Progesterone was studied in the treatment of breast cancer in 1951 and 1952, but with relatively modest results. [158] [159] [160] Megestrol acetate was first studied in the treatment of breast cancer in 1967, and was one of the first progestins to be evaluated for the treatment of this disease. [6] [30] [161] A second study was conducted in 1974.