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A form of hybrid speciation that is relatively common in plants occurs when an infertile hybrid becomes fertile after doubling of the chromosome number. Hybridization without change in chromosome number is called homoploid hybrid speciation. [1] This is the situation found in most animal hybrids.
In plants, hybridization mostly generates speciation events, [5] and commonly produces polyploid species. Factors like polyploidy events also plays significant factors for understanding the hybridization events (Example: an F1 hybrid of Jatropha curcas x Ricinus communis ), [ 6 ] because these polyploids tend to have an advantage for the early ...
Hybridization without change in chromosome number is called homoploid hybrid speciation. It is considered very rare but has been shown in Heliconius butterflies [83] and sunflowers. Polyploid speciation, which involves changes in chromosome number, is a more common phenomenon, especially in plant species. [citation needed]
Hybridization is a particularly common mechanism for speciation in plants, and is now known to be fundamental to the evolutionary history of plants. [4] Plants frequently form polyploids, individuals with more than two copies of each chromosome. Whole genome doubling has occurred repeatedly in plant evolution.
A simplification of an allopatric speciation experiment where two lines of fruit flies are raised on maltose and starch media. Laboratory experiments of speciation have been conducted for all four modes of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric; and various other processes involving speciation: hybridization, reinforcement, founder effects, among others.
Indeed, homoploid speciation (hybrid speciation without a change in chromosome number) has been evidenced for some fungal species (such as the basidiomycota Microbotryum violaceum [97]). Schematic phylogeny of the Chromalveolata. Red circles indicate polyploidy, blue squares indicate hybridization. From Albertin and Marullo, 2012 [89]
Chausie, a hybrid between a jungle cat and domestic cat. Subfamily Pantherinae. Genus Panthera. Ligers and tigons (crosses between a lion and a tiger) and other Panthera hybrids such as the lijagulep. Species P. tigris. A hybrid between a Bengal tiger and a Siberian tiger is an example of an intra-specific hybrid. Family Canidae
Nevertheless, in plants, hybridization is a stimulus for the creation of new species – the contrary to the situation in animals. [34] Although the hybrid may be sterile, it can continue to multiply in the wild by asexual reproduction, whether vegetative propagation or apomixis or the production of seeds.