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  2. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    The bond dipole moment [5] uses the idea of electric dipole moment to measure the polarity of a chemical bond within a molecule. It occurs whenever there is a separation of positive and negative charges.

  3. Van Arkel–Ketelaar triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Arkel–Ketelaar_triangle

    Rather, bond types are interconnected and different compounds have varying degrees of different bonding character (for example, covalent bonds with significant ionic character are called polar covalent bonds). Six years later, in 1947, Ketelaar developed van Arkel's idea by adding more compounds and placing bonds on different sides of the triangle.

  4. p–n junction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P–n_junction

    Zener diodes have a low breakdown voltage. A standard value for breakdown voltage is for instance 5.6 V. This means that the voltage at the cathode cannot be more than about 5.6 V higher than the voltage at the anode (though there is a slight rise with current), because the diode breaks down, and therefore conducts, if the voltage gets any higher.

  5. Polarizability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizability

    Ground state electron configuration models often describe molecular or bond polarization during chemical reactions poorly, because reactive intermediates may be excited, or be the minor, alternate structures in a chemical equilibrium with the initial reactant.

  6. Diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode

    Various semiconductor diodes. Left: A four-diode bridge rectifier.Next to it is a 1N4148 signal diode.On the far right is a Zener diode.In most diodes, a white or black painted band identifies the cathode into which electrons will flow when the diode is conducting.

  7. Coordinate covalent bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_covalent_bond

    In coordination chemistry, a coordinate covalent bond, [1] also known as a dative bond, [2] dipolar bond, [1] or coordinate bond [3] is a kind of two-center, two-electron covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom. The bonding of metal ions to ligands involves this kind of interaction. [4]

  8. Diode modelling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode_modelling

    The Shockley diode equation relates the diode current of a p-n junction diode to the diode voltage .This relationship is the diode I-V characteristic: = (), where is the saturation current or scale current of the diode (the magnitude of the current that flows for negative in excess of a few , typically 10 −12 A).

  9. p–n diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P–n_diode

    A p–n diode is a type of semiconductor diode based upon the p–n junction. The diode conducts current in only one direction, and it is made by joining a p-type semiconducting layer to an n-type semiconducting layer. Semiconductor diodes have multiple uses including rectification of alternating current to direct current, in the detection of ...