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The region under British control was known as British Burma, and officially known as Burma (Burmese: မြန်မာပြည်) [1] from 1886. [ 2 ] Some portions of Burmese territories, including Arakan and Tenasserim , were annexed by the British after their victory in the First Anglo-Burmese War ; Lower Burma was annexed in 1852 after ...
The Confederation's rule of Upper Burma, though lasted until 1555, was marred by internal fighting between Mohnyin and Thibaw houses. The kingdom was toppled by Taungoo forces in 1555. The Burmese language and culture came into its own between the last period of the Pagan Kingdom (Old Burmese starts in the XII° century) and the Ava period.
Acting until 28 February 1884, 1st time. On 1 January 1886, as a result of the Third Anglo-Burmese War, remnant of Kingdom of Awa ("Upper Burma") annexed to British Burma (within British India). On 26 February 1886, Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma (within British India) 25 September 1886 to 12 March 1887: Charles Edward Bernard, Chief ...
The First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) ended in a British East India Company victory, and by the Treaty of Yandabo, Burma lost territory previously conquered in Assam, Manipur, and Arakan. [2] The British also took possession of Tenasserim with the intention to use it as a bargaining chip in future negotiations with either Burma or Siam. [3]
Effective British rule over the whole of Burma has lasted just over 60 years. [4] He reported too that in May 1945, a statement of United Kingdom government policy concerning Burma was issued. It envisaged the drawing up of a constitution by representatives of the Burmese people with a view to full self-government.
The Burmese under British rule felt helpless, and reacted with a "racism that combined feelings of superiority and fear". [281] Crude oil production, an indigenous industry of Yenangyaung, was taken over by the British and put under Burmah Oil monopoly. British Burma began exporting crude oil in 1853. [283]
Initially governed as part of British India, Burma was formed into a separate colony under the Government of India Act 1935. Under British rule, there had been substantial economic development but the majority Bamar community was becoming increasingly restive. [17]
When Burma gained independence in 1948, the Federated Shan States became Shan State and Kayah State of the Union of Burma with the right to secede from the Union. Following the 1962 Burmese coup d'état, the status of the Shan States and the saophas' hereditary rights were removed by Gen. Ne Win's military government.