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Venomous fish do not necessarily cause poisoning if they are eaten, as the digestive system often destroys the venom. [1] There are at least 1200 species of venomous fish, [2] [3] with catfishes alone possibly contributing 250–625 species to that total. [4] The former number accounts for two-thirds of the venomous vertebrate population. [5]
Species of puffer fish (the family Tetraodontidae) are the most poisonous in the world, and the second most poisonous vertebrate after the golden dart frog.The active substance, tetrodotoxin, found in the internal organs and sometimes also the skin, paralyzes the diaphragm muscles of human victims, who can die from suffocation.
Of more than a thousand known species of scorpion, only a few dozen have venom that is dangerous to humans, [6] most notably the bark scorpions, including: Centruroides spp. Deathstalker (Leiurus quinquestriatus) Central and South American Tityus, include the Brazilian yellow scorpion. Androctonus spp. Parabuthus spp. Hottentotta spp.
The reef stonefish is the most venomous fish in the world. [8] Its dorsal area is lined with 13 spines, each of which has two venom sacs. [8] The spines are sharp and stiff and have been known to pierce boot soles. [14] Stonefish venom can be fatal at a dose of only 18 mg, which the fish is capable of releasing with only six of its thirteen spines.
Synanceia is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae, the stonefish, which is classified within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfish and relatives. Stonefish are the most venomous fish known; stings can be fatal to humans. [2] [3] They are found in the coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific.
The Most Dangerous Animals in the World, Animal Danger Top 10 Most Dangerous Animals In The World , Conservation Institute Schistosomiasis: Still a Cause of Significant Morbidity and Mortality , National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
JEREMY: "This is the biggest fish of my South American fishing career. A river monster as deadly as any beast of folklore." Like always, Jeremy tossed the fish back in the water.
Synanceia horrida is, like other stonefishes, regarded as one of the most dangerous venomous fishes. Each fin spine has a fleshy cover at its base where there are two venom-producing glands. When the fish is disturbed, it erects its spines; if the fish is stepped on, the spines act like hypodermic syringes, injecting venom into the wounds.