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Historical geographic information systems are built from a variety of sources and techniques. An especially prominent method is the digitization and georeferencing of historical maps. Old maps may contain valuable information about the past. By adding coordinates to such maps, they may be added as a feature layer to modern GIS data.
Map of Maximus Planudes (c. 1300), earliest extant realization of Ptolemy's world map (2nd century) Gangnido (Korea, 1402) Bianco world map (1436) Fra Mauro map (c. 1450) Map of Bartolomeo Pareto (1455) Genoese map (1457) Map of Juan de la Cosa (1500) Cantino planisphere (1502) Piri Reis map (1513) Dieppe maps (c. 1540s-1560s) Mercator 1569 ...
Hekatæus of Miletus (550–475 BC) produced another map fifty years later that he claimed was an improved version of the map of his illustrious predecessor. The world according to Hekatæus, 500 BC. Hecatæus's map describes the Earth as disk with an encircling Ocean, and with Greece placed in the center.
It is also frequently found in maps of time zones. [ 18 ] Arno Peters stirred controversy beginning in 1972 when he proposed what is now usually called the Gall–Peters projection to remedy the problems of the Mercator, claiming it to be his own original work without referencing prior work by cartographers such as Gall's work from 1855.
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).
'A Map of the Myriad Countries of the World'; Italian: Carta Geografica Completa di tutti i Regni del Mondo, "Complete Geographical Map of all the Kingdoms of the World"), printed by Italian Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci at the request by Wanli Emperor in 1602, is the first known European-styled Chinese world map (and the first Chinese map to ...
A historic map by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey that has been georeferenced by the Regional Plan Association for mapping historic wetlands in OpenHistoricalMap. OpenHistoricalMap allows anyone with a free account to contribute directly to the map through an editor such as the iD Web application or the JOSM desktop application.
The geologic time scale is a way of representing deep time based on events that have occurred throughout Earth's history, a time span of about 4.54 ± 0.05 Ga (4.54 billion years). [3] It chronologically organises strata, and subsequently time, by observing fundamental changes in stratigraphy that correspond to major geological or ...