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The ducts number between two and eleven from each bronchiole. [10] Each duct opens into five or six alveolar sacs into which clusters of alveoli open. Each terminal respiratory unit is called an acinus and consists of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. New alveoli continue to form until the age of eight years.
The English bulldog, a typically brachycephalic dog breed, may have brachycephalic syndrome. A Peke-face Exotic shorthair.. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), also known as brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS), and brachycephalic syndrome (BS), [1] is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead ...
A further complication in the case of the alveolar glands may occur in the form of still smaller saccular diverticuli growing out from the main sacculi. The term "racemose gland" [2] is used to describe a "compound alveolar gland" or "compound acinar gland." [3] Branched alveolar glands are classified as follows:
alveolar duct. alveolar sac. alveolus; At each division point or generation, one airway branches into two smaller airways. The human respiratory tree may consist on average of 23 generations, while the respiratory tree of the mouse has up to 13 generations. Proximal divisions (those closest to the top of the tree, such as the bronchi) mainly ...
Alveolar lung disease may be divided into acute or chronic. Causes of acute alveolar lung disease include pulmonary edema (cardiogenic or neurogenic), pneumonia (bacterial or viral), systemic lupus erythematosus, [2] bleeding in the lungs (e.g., Goodpasture syndrome), [3] idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, [4] and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Within the lungs, the ventilation process specifically involves organs like respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. For the perfusion process, the circulatory organs of the cardiovascular system such as the heart, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and alveolar capillaries are involved.
Terminal bronchioles in turn divide into smaller respiratory bronchioles which divide into alveolar ducts. Terminal bronchioles mark the end of the conducting division of air flow in the respiratory system while respiratory bronchioles are the beginning of the respiratory division where gas exchange takes place.
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a histologic term used to describe specific changes that occur to the structure of the lungs during injury or disease.Most often DAD is described in association with the early stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome (). [1]