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Used to determine the distance headway between a vehicle and its predecessor. One of the simplest model in this category is the Pipe's rule, the basic assumption of this model is "A good rule for following another vehicle at a safe distance is to allow yourself at least the length of a car between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead for every ten miles per hour (16.1 km/h) of speed at which you ...
Such costs can vary over time, such as the pattern of travel time along an urban street depending on diurnal cycles of traffic volume. Flow volume , measurements of the actual movement taking place. This may be specific time-encoded measurements collected using sensor networks such as traffic counters , or general trends over a period of time ...
Three-phase traffic theory is an alternative theory of traffic flow created by Boris Kerner at the end of 1990's [24] [25] [26] (for reviews, see the books [27] [28] [29]). Probably the most important result of the three-phase theory is that at any time instance there is a range of highway capacities of free flow at a bottleneck.
This includes large river basin water supply and flood hydrology, and small urban or natural watershed runoff. Hydrographs produced by the program are used directly or in conjunction with other software for studies of water availability, urban drainage, flow forecasting , future urbanization impact, reservoir spillway design, flood damage ...
In contrast, large-scale evacuation models deal with mass evacuations from broader areas, such as urban environments or regions affected by natural disasters like wildfires or earthquakes. These models emphasise traffic flow , route optimisation and infrastructure capacity – addressing the logistical challenges of moving large populations ...
Urban metabolism (UM) is a model to facilitate the description and analysis of the flows of the materials and energy within cities, such as undertaken in a material flow analysis of a city. It provides researchers with a metaphorical framework to study the interactions of natural and human systems in specific regions. [ 1 ]
Reinhard Baumeister was a German engineer and urban planner, the author of one of the earliest texts on urban planning Stadterweiterungen in technischer, baupolizeilicher und Wirtschaftlicher Beziehung (Town extensions: their links with technical and economic concerns and with building regulations) published in 1876. It was used as a textbook ...
UrbanSim is an open source urban simulation system designed by Paul Waddell of the University of California, Berkeley and developed with numerous collaborators to support metropolitan land use, transportation, and environmental planning. It has been distributed on the web since 1998, with regular revisions and updates, from www.urbansim.org.