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Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company , 118 U.S. 394 (1886), is a corporate law case of the United States Supreme Court concerning taxation of railroad properties. The case is most notable for a headnote stating that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment grants constitutional protections to corporations.
In 1882, Santa Clara County tried to levy taxes upon property of the Southern Pacific Railroad within county boundaries. The result was the U.S. Supreme Court case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, 118 U.S. 394 (1886), in which the court extended due-process rights to artificial legal entities.
The parcel tax is a form of real estate tax. Unlike most real estate taxes [citation needed] or a land value tax, it is not directly based on property value. [1] It funds K–12 public education [2]: 187 and community facilities districts, which are usually known as "Mello-Roos" districts. [1]
[citation needed] Counties may also have an assessor, a recorder, an auditor, a controller, a treasurer, a tax collector, a county clerk, a registrar of voters, a coroner, and/or a medical examiner. [ citation needed ] Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, and Santa Clara counties are the only counties that have a coroner or a medical examiner ...
In 1886 one such taxation dispute arose between Santa Clara County and Southern Pacific Railroad. [5] The railroad thought the tax code was misapplied to some of their property and assets. In deciding the case, a unanimous court ruled that governments must abide by the same tax code enforcement for individuals that it did for corporations.
The Teeter Plan (first enacted 1949) provides California counties with an optional alternative method for allocating delinquent property tax revenues. Using the accrual method of accounting under the Teeter Plan, counties allocate property tax revenues based on the total amount of property taxes billed, but not yet collected.
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