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Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is a biological active sonar used by several animal groups, both in the air and underwater. Echolocating animals emit calls and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them.
Swedish soldiers operating an acoustic locator in 1940. Acoustic location is a method of determining the position of an object or sound source by using sound waves. Location can take place in gases (such as the atmosphere), liquids (such as water), and in solids (such as in the earth).
Moth clicks also disrupted the stereotypical pattern of the bats echolocation, confirming the clicks' jamming function. Since then, sonar jamming has been documented in two other moth families. Silk moths (Saturniidae) have elongated hindwing tails that reflect bat sonar, increasing the success of escape from bat attacks. [24]
"Sonar" can refer to one of two types of technology: passive sonar means listening for the sound made by vessels; active sonar means emitting pulses of sounds and listening for echoes. Sonar may be used as a means of acoustic location and of measurement of the echo characteristics of "targets" in the water. [4]
Human echolocation, the use of sound by people to navigate. Sonar (sound navigation and ranging), the use of sound on water or underwater, to navigate or to locate other watercraft, usually by submarines. Echo sounding, listening to the echo of sound pulses to measure the distance to the bottom of the sea, a special case of Sonar.
The interactions between marine mammals and sonar have been a subject of debate since the invention of the technology. Active sonar , the transmission equipment used on some ships to assist with submarine detection, is detrimental to the health and livelihood of some marine animals . [ 1 ]
Dolphins can localize sounds both passively and actively (echolocation) with a resolution of about 1 deg. Cross-modal matching (between vision and echolocation) suggests dolphins perceive the spatial structure of complex objects interrogated through echolocation, a feat that likely requires spatially resolving individual object features and ...
By measuring the difference in time between the pulse being transmitted and the echo being received, it is possible to determine the distance. The measured travel time of Sonar pulses in water is strongly dependent on the temperature and the salinity of the water. Ultrasonic ranging is also applied for measurement in air and for short distances.