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Carotenes are tetraterpenes, meaning that they are derived from eight 5-carbon isoprene units (or four 10-carbon terpene units). Carotenes are found in plants in two primary forms designated by characters from the Greek alphabet: alpha-carotene (α-carotene) and beta-carotene (β-carotene).
Carotenoids (/ k ə ˈ r ɒ t ɪ n ɔɪ d /) are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi. [1] Carotenoids give the characteristic color to pumpkins , carrots , parsnips , corn , tomatoes , canaries , flamingos , salmon , lobster , shrimp , and daffodils .
β-Carotene (beta-carotene) is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, [7] plants, and fruits. It is a member of the carotenes, which are terpenoids (isoprenoids), synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and thus having 40 carbons.
A 2018 meta-analysis found that both dietary and circulating α-carotene are associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality.The highest circulating α-carotene category, compared to the lowest, correlated with a 32% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality, while increased dietary α-carotene intake was linked to a 21% decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality.
These carotenoids are indicators of the past aquatic geochemical environment of their source water. In particular, γ-carotene is an indicator of the depth at which oxic conditions move towards anoxic conditions due to its relevance to green and purple sulfur bacteria which occupy the boundary layer. [ 7 ]
Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoids in nature, and is used in the xanthophyll cycle.Synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms, it is the pigment that gives paprika (made from bell peppers), corn, saffron, goji (wolfberries), and many other plants and microbes their characteristic color.
Each has a unique flavor and texture, but they all contain fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, potassium, magnesium and carotenoids, otherwise known as beneficial plant compounds. Orange foods contain ...
Phytoene (/ ˈ f aɪ t oʊ iː n /) is a 40-carbon intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. [1] The synthesis of phytoene is the first committed step in the synthesis of carotenoids in plants. Phytoene is produced from two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) by the action of the enzyme phytoene synthase. [2]