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Zizania texana is a rare species of grass known by the common name Texas wild rice. It is endemic to Texas, where it is found only on the upper San Marcos River in Hays County. It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Southern or annual wild rice (Z. aquatica), also an annual, grows in the Saint Lawrence River, the state of Florida, [5] and on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. [6] [7] Texas wild rice is a perennial plant found only in a small area along the San Marcos River in central Texas. One species is native to Asia:
Wild rice grows naturally in water all over the country, from Connecticut to Texas, though it is most abundant in the Great Lakes region of the Midwest. In fact, it's the official grain of Minnesota!
The San Marcos River rises from the San Marcos Springs, the location of the Meadows Center for Water and the Environment (formerly Aquarena Springs), in San Marcos, Texas. The springs are home to several threatened or endangered species, including the Texas blind salamander, fountain darter, and Texas wild rice.
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Pursuant to the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Restoration Plan, researchers and volunteers operating out of the Texas State University Meadows Center for Water and the Environment remove non-native species of aquatic vegetation and re-plant native species such as Texas wild rice, resulting in a 53% increase in Texas wild rice since 2015. [7]