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Meibomian glands in the lower eyelid imaged under amber light to show vasculature support and the gland structure. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD, also meibomitis or meibomianitis) is a chronic disease of the meibomian glands, which is commonly characterized by obstruction of the end of the duct that delivers the secretion produced by the glands (called meibum) to the eye surface, which ...
Meibomian gland dysfunction is more often seen in women and is regarded as the main cause of dry eye disease. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Factors that contribute to meibomian gland dysfunction can include things such as a person's age and/or hormones, [ 16 ] or severe infestation of Demodex brevis mite.
Dermatochalasis is caused by a loss of elasticity in the connective tissue supporting the structure of the front portion of the eyelid. [3] Normally, in Caucasians, the orbicularis muscle and overlying skin form a crease near the tarsal border. [3] In dermatochalasis, the excess tissues hangs down, over the front edge of the eyelid.
The tarsi (sg.: tarsus) or tarsal plates are two comparatively thick, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 10 mm (0.39 in) in length for the upper eyelid and 5 mm for the lower eyelid; one is found in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support.
Eyelid edema is a condition in which the eyelids are swollen and tissues contain excess fluid. It may affect eye function when it increases the intraocular pressure. Eyelid edema is caused by allergy, trichiasis or infections. [4] The main symptoms are swollen red eyelids, pain, and itching. Chronic eyelid edema can lead to blepharochalasis.
Blepharochalasis – An immune-mediated inflammation of the eyelid that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue, leading to the formation of redundant folds over the lid margins. It typically affects only the upper eyelids, and may be unilateral ...
Sometimes, especially in women, stones may develop in the lacrimal gland, causing recurrent bouts of dacryocystitis; this condition is called "acute dacryocystic retention syndrome." [5] Also due to pneumococcus, infection due to surrounding structure such as paranasal sinuses. lacrimal sac may extrude pus through the punctum.
The eyelid is injected with a local anesthetic, a clamp is put on the eyelid, then the eyelid is turned over, an incision is made on the inside of the eyelid, and the chalazion is drained and scraped out with a curette. A scar on the upper lid can cause discomfort as some people feel the scar as they blink.