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Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. [2] Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; [2] however, obesity increases the rate of pre-eclampsia, cesarean sections, and embryo macrosomia, as well as gestational diabetes. [2]
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease, accounting for over 50% of patients on dialysis in the United States. [32] Diabetic neuropathy , damage to nerves, manifests in various ways, including sensory loss , neuropathic pain , and autonomic dysfunction (such as postural hypotension , diarrhoea , and erectile dysfunction ...
Migraines are the No. 1 cause of disability among young women, studies have found. Cohen also sees patients with other types of headaches — cluster, tension, and those that involve the face and ...
[13] [50] Symptomatic presentations are variable: Some women can entirely ignore the symptoms, while others have mild bleeding or abdominal discomfort and pain. Hence, though symptom severity variance and precipitous placental separation are not relevant, they can still cause the diagnosis and clinical management to be complicated.
Pregnant women fall at a similar rate (27%) to women over age of 70 years (28%). Most of the falls (64%) occur during the second trimester. Additionally, two-thirds of falls are associated with walking on slippery floors, rushing, or carrying an object. [38] The root causes for these falls are not well known.
Diabetes was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States in 2020. People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop heart disease or stroke as people without diabetes. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational (diabetes while pregnant). Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90%-95% of all cases. [1]
By comparison, women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of giving birth to LGA babies, where ~15-45% of neonates may be affected. [10] In 2017, the National Center of Health Statistics found that 7.8% of live-born infants born in the United States meet the definition of macrosomia, where their birth weight surpasses the ...