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This transfer of momentum can be thought of as a frictional force between layers of flow. Since the momentum transfer is caused by free motion of gas molecules between collisions, increasing thermal agitation of the molecules results in a larger viscosity. Hence, gaseous viscosity increases with temperature.
Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
The proportionality factor is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, often simply referred to as the viscosity. It is denoted by the Greek letter mu ( μ ). The dynamic viscosity has the dimensions ( m a s s / l e n g t h ) / t i m e {\displaystyle \mathrm {(mass/length)/time} } , therefore resulting in the SI units and the derived units :
The dilute gas viscosity contribution to the total viscosity of a fluid will only be important when predicting the viscosity of vapors at low pressures or the viscosity of dense fluids at high temperatures. The viscosity model for dilute gas, that is shown above, is widely used throughout the industry and applied science communities.
μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pa·s = N·s/m 2 = kg/(m·s)); ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, ν = μ / ρ (m 2 /s); ρ is the density of the fluid (kg/m 3). For such systems, laminar flow occurs when the Reynolds number is below a critical value of approximately 2,040, though the transition range is typically ...
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
A built-in density measurement based on the oscillating U-tube principle allows the determination of kinematic viscosity from the measured dynamic viscosity employing the relation =, where: ν is the kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s), η is the dynamic viscosity (mPa·s), ρ is the density (g/cm 3).
is the dynamic viscosity, i.e., a measure of the fluids' resistance to shearing flows L {\displaystyle L} is the characteristic length of the system ν = μ ρ {\displaystyle \nu ={\frac {\mu }{\rho }}} is the kinematic viscosity – it measures the ratio of dynamic viscosity to the density of the fluid