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Nitric acid is an inorganic compound with the ... Johann Rudolf Glauber devised a process to obtain nitric acid by distilling potassium nitrate with sulfuric acid.
The nitrate ion with the partial charges shown. The nitrate anion is the conjugate base of nitric acid, consisting of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identically bonded oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement.
Most commonly, "mixed acid" (nitric and sulfuric acids) are used, but in the 1980s production of the nitrocellulose with magnesium nitrate as a dehydrating agent was started in the US. [4] In laboratory, phosphoric acid and phosphorus pentoxide or acetic acid and its anhydride may be used for the same purpose, or the nitroxylation can be ...
In the United States of America, over seven million tonnes of nitric acid are produced every year, most of which is used for nitrate production for fertilisers and explosives, among other uses. Anhydrous nitric acid may be made by distilling concentrated nitric acid with phosphorus pentoxide at low pressure in glass apparatus in the dark.
Mixture of nitric and acetic acids or nitric acid and acetic anhydride is commercially important in the production of RDX, as amines are destructed by sulfuric acid. Acetyl nitrate had also been used as a nitration agent. [14] [15] In the Wolffenstein–Böters reaction, benzene reacts with nitric acid and mercury(II) nitrate to give picric acid.
The nitrate ion can easily be identified by heating copper turnings along with concentrated sulfuric acid. Effervescence of a brown, pungent gas is observed which turns moist blue litmus paper red. Here sulfuric acid reacts with the nitrate ion to form nitric acid. Nitric acid then reacts with the copper turnings to form nitric oxide.
According to Reuters calculations, based on scientific literature and reviewed by an explosives expert, 5,000 tons of nitric acid could be used to make 3,000 tons of RDX, enough to fill 500,000 ...
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula K N O 3. It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K + and nitrate anions NO − 3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the US). [5]