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Positively charged cations move towards the cathode allowing a positive current i to flow out of the cathode. A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead-acid battery. This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for Cathode Current Departs. A conventional current ...
Michael Faraday defined the cathode of a cell as the electrode to which cations (positively charged ions, such as silver ions Ag +) flow within the cell, to be reduced by reacting with electrons (negatively charged) from that electrode. Likewise, he defined the anode as the electrode to which anions (negatively charged ions, like chloride ions ...
In pure water at the negatively charged cathode, a reduction reaction takes place, with electrons (e −) from the cathode being given to hydrogen cations to form hydrogen gas. At the positively charged anode, an oxidation reaction occurs, generating oxygen gas and giving electrons to the anode to complete the circuit.
The positively charged species (e.g., sodium) in the D stream migrate toward the negatively charged cathode and pass through the negatively charged cation-exchange membrane. These cations also stay in the C stream, prevented from further migration toward the cathode by the positively charged anion-exchange membrane. [8]
Positively charged ions move towards the electron-providing (negative) cathode. Negatively charged ions ( anions ) move towards the electron-extracting (positive) anode. In this process electrons are effectively introduced at the cathode as a reactant and removed at the anode as a product .
The terms anode and cathode are not defined by the voltage polarity of electrodes, but are usually defined by the direction of current through the electrode. An anode usually is the electrode of a device through which conventional current (positive charge) flows into the device from an external circuit, while a cathode usually is the electrode through which conventional current flows out of ...
The positively charged sodium ions Na + will react toward the cathode, neutralizing the negative charge of OH − there, and the negatively charged hydroxide ions OH − will react toward the anode, neutralizing the positive charge of Na + there.
The cation, which is the positive ion, will be attracted to the cathode (−), thus reducing the sodium ion. The chloride anion will then be attracted to the anode (+), where it is oxidized to chlorine gas. [30] The following half reactions should be considered in the process mentioned: [30] Cathode: Na + (aq) + e − → Na(s) E° red = –2.71 V