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Agricultural banks felt the impact of the crisis. There were 10 bank failures in 1981, only one of which was an agricultural bank. In 1985, the number rose to 62, of which agricultural banks accounted for over half.
A Companion to American Agricultural History (Wiley-Blackwell, 2022) Lauck, Jon. American agriculture and the problem of monopoly: the political economy of grain belt farming, 1953-1980 (U of Nebraska Press, 2000). Riney-Kehrberg, Pamela. ed. The Routledge History of Rural America (2018) Schapsmeier, Edward L; and Frederick H. Schapsmeier.
A history of agricultural policy : chronological outline ( U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1992) online Ardrey, Robert L, American agricultural implements: a review of invention and development in the agricultural implement industry of the United States (1894) online ; a major comprehensive overview in 236 pages.
The social history of American agriculture (1936) online; Schapsmeier, Edward L., and Frederick H. Encyclopedia of American Agricultural History (Greenwood, 1975) Schob, David E. Hired hands and plowboys: farm labor in the Midwest, 1815-60 (1975), pp. 173–249. Shannon, Fred A. The Farmer's Last Frontier: Agriculture, 1860–1897 (1945) online
A Companion to American Agricultural History (Wiley-Blackwell, 2022) Lauck, Jon. American agriculture and the problem of monopoly: the political economy of grain belt farming, 1953-1980 (U of Nebraska Press, 2000). Schapsmeier, Edward L; and Frederick H. Schapsmeier. Encyclopedia of American agricultural history (1975) online
The commercialization of agriculture was facilitated by railroad transportation. [4] Farmers complained of the high freight rates, but the available evidence contradicts the rationale. Yet real transport costs fell steadily throughout the post bellum era , but there is some evidence that the farmers were not benefitting from the lower rates. [ 5 ]
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. [1] Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities.
Food loss and waste is a major part of the impact of agriculture on climate change (it amounts to 3.3 billion tons of CO 2 e emissions annually [5] [6]) and other environmental issues, such as land use, water use and loss of biodiversity.