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Arachnodactyly ("spider fingers") is a medical condition that is characterized by fingers and toes that are abnormally long and slender, in comparison to the palm of the hand and arch of the foot. In some cases, the thumbs of an individual with the condition are pulled inwards towards the palm.
Polydactyly is a birth defect that results in extra fingers or toes. [2] The hands are more commonly involved than the feet. [2] Extra fingers may be painful, affect self-esteem, or result in clumsiness. [3] It is associated with at least 39 genetic mutations. [4] It may either present alone or with other defects. [2] Cases may run in families. [2]
Polysyndactyly may be classified by the level of duplication. The extra digit may be small and comprise only soft tissue, [7] but usually includes at least one bone, most commonly the distal and middle phalanges. [4] [8] Partial or complete duplication of the proximal phalanx, metacarpal or metatarsal can also occur. [4] [7]
The skin between the fingers and toes may be fused (cutaneous syndactyly). This disorder is also characterized by widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), an abnormally large head size (macrocephaly), and a high, prominent forehead. Rarely, affected individuals may have more serious medical problems including seizures and developmental delay. [1]
This is the rarest form of brachydactyly. It is most often part of another condition that someone is born with. Type E shortens the bones in the hands and feet along with the bottom bone in the fingers. Instead of making the fingers and toes look shorter, it makes the hands and feet look smaller. [9] Type B and E: 112440: ROR2 HOXD13: 9q22 ...
Other physical abnormalities associated with Carpenter syndrome include extra digits. Extra toes are more commonly seen than fingers. Often both the toes and fingers are webbed, a process that occurs before the sixth week gestational period. Often their digits will be abnormally short, and the fingers are commonly missing an interphalangeal joint.
Local gigantism affecting second toe of a child. Local gigantism or localised gigantism is a condition in which a certain part of the body acquires larger than normal size due to excessive growth of the anatomical structures or abnormal accumulation of substances. It is more common in fingers and toes, where it is termed macrodactyly. However ...
type I: 2q34-q36; [5] webbing occurs between middle and ring fingers and/or second and third toes. type II: 2q31; [6] also involves long and ring fingers, but has a sixth finger merged in between. type III: 6q21-q23; small finger is merged into the ring finger. type IV: 7q36; [7] involves all fingers and/or toes.