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Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age. [1]
Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky proposed a "socio-cultural learning theory" that emphasized the impact of social and cultural experiences on individual thinking and the development of mental processes. [31] Vygotsky's theory emerged in the 1930s and is still discussed today as a means of improving and reforming educational practices.
During the early years and especially during the first 3 to 5 years, humans are capable of absorbing a lot of information. The brain grows most rapidly in the early years. High quality and well trained teachers and preschools with developmentally-appropriate programmes can have a long-term effect on improving learning outcomes for children.
Development during early childhood is an important topic, specifically self-regulation during this stage of development. This study took place in 4 different areas, which included Michigan State University, Oregon State University, University of Michigan and the Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
It is—particularly from birth to five years— a foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society. [1] Childhood is divided into three stages of life which include early childhood, middle childhood, and late childhood (preadolescence). [2] Early childhood typically ranges from infancy to the age of 6 years old.
The National Quality Standard (NQS) is a key aspect of the NQF.The NQS consists of seven quality areas, each containing standards and elements, that children's education and care services are assessed and rated against.
Evidence shows that education and intelligence have a complex interaction, and this is demonstrated in a longitudinal study by Richards and Sacker. [9] They collected data from the British 1946 birth cohort and investigated how childhood intelligence was predictive of other outcomes later in life including educational attainment and mental ability at 53 years old (using the National Adult ...
an early numerical cognition, that is, an ability to represent number and even compute the outcomes of addition and subtraction operations; [99] an ability to infer the goals of people in their environment; [100] an ability to engage in simple causal reasoning. [101]