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Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, habitat loss, the introduction of invasive species, ocean pollution, ocean acidification and ocean warming. These impact marine ecosystems and food webs and may result in consequences as yet unrecognised for the biodiversity and continuation of marine life forms. [3]
While marine pollution can be obvious, as with the marine debris shown above, it is often the pollutants that cannot be seen that cause most harm.. Marine pollution occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as industrial, agricultural and residential waste, particles, noise, excess carbon dioxide or invasive organisms enter the ocean and cause harmful effects there.
One of the most polluted rivers in Europe in the 1990s, [235] due to the canning industry and urban and agricultural residues from urban areas. Demonstrations and the construction of hundreds of wastewater treatment and collection systems led to the river becoming the Spanish river with the lowest average pollution in the span of just one decade.
In 2022, the most comprehensive study of pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers found that it threatens "environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations". It investigated 1,052 sampling sites along 258 rivers in 104 countries, representing the river pollution of 470 million people.
Thousands of rivers, including smaller ones, are responsible for most of the plastic pollution worldwide, a new study has shown. Thousands of rivers (not just 10) are causing most global plastic ...
Water pollution occurs when water bodies, such as rivers, lakes and oceans are contaminated with harmful substances. These substances degrade the water quality and are toxic to humans as consumers and to the environment. [7] The contamination in a river can come from a point source or non-point source pollution. [8]
Rivers are thought to be a major source of plastic pollution for the ocean, [20] [60] although possibly not as much as direct input from coastal populations. [ 61 ] [ 62 ] The amount of plastic that is recorded to be in the ocean is considerably less than the amount of plastic that is entering the ocean at any given time.
With primary causes being warming ocean waters, ocean acidity, and pollution. [148] In 2008, a worldwide study estimated that 19% of the existing area of coral reefs had already been lost. [ 149 ] Only 46% of the world's reefs could be currently regarded as in good health [ 149 ] and about 60% of the world's reefs may be at risk due to ...