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Some head and neck cancers, and in particular oropharyngeal cancer, are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), [1] [62] and 70% of all head and neck cancer cases are related to HPV. [62] Risk factors for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer include multiple sexual partners, anal and oral sex and a weak immune system. [56]
HPV+OPC presents in one of four ways: as an asymptomatic abnormality in the mouth found by the patient or a health professional such as a dentist; with local symptoms such as pain or infection at the site of the tumor; with difficulties of speech, swallowing, and/or breathing; or as a swelling in the neck (if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes).
In the United States, the number of newly diagnosed, HPV-associated head and neck cancers has surpassed that of cervical cancer cases. [69] The rate of such cancers has increased from an estimated 0.8 cases per 100,000 people in 1988 [76] to 4.5 per 100,000 in 2012, [41] and, as of 2021, the rate has continued to increase. [77]
HPV-related head and neck cancers also do not have a lot of signs associated with them. “The most common symptom people have is a neck mass or a lump on the side of the neck,” he says.
These cancers take years to develop so the numbers were low: There were 57 HPV-related cancers among the unvaccinated men — mostly head and neck cancers — compared to 26 among the men who had ...
A large head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma of the tongue as seen on CT imaging Main article: Head and neck cancer About 90% [ 4 ] of cases of head and neck cancer (cancer of the mouth, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, throat and associated structures) are due to SCC.