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Causes or factors of female infertility can basically be classified regarding whether they are acquired or genetic, or strictly by location. Although factors of female infertility can be classified as either acquired or genetic, female infertility is usually more or less a combination of nature and nurture .
Female fertility is affected by age and is a major fertility factor for women. A woman's fertility is in generally good quality from the late teens to early thirties, although it declines gradually over time. [1] Around 35, fertility is noted to decline at a more rapid rate. [1]
Countries with lower levels of development and gender equivalence are likely to find that a higher level of women's education, greater than secondary level, is required to affect fertility. Studies suggest that in many sub-Saharan African countries fertility decline is linked to female education.
Other factors that can affect a woman's chances of conceiving include being overweight or underweight, or her age as female fertility declines after the age of 30. [70] Sometimes it can be a combination of factors, and sometimes a clear cause is never established. Common causes of infertility of females include:
Men are fertile continuously, but their sperm quality is affected by their health, frequency of ejaculation, and environmental factors. [25] Fertility declines with age in both sexes. For women, the decline begins around the age of 32, and becomes precipitous at age 37. For men, potency and sperm quality begins to decline around the age of 40.
The pattern of constraints on female reproduction is consistent with human life-history and across all populations. A difficulty in studying human reproductive success is its high variability. [23] Every person, male or female, is different, especially when it comes to reproductive success and also fertility.