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A conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) is a DNA sequence of noncoding DNA that is evolutionarily conserved. These sequences are of interest for their potential to regulate gene production. [1] CNSs in plants [2] and animals [1] are highly associated with transcription factor binding sites and other cis-acting regulatory elements.
A DNA sequencer is a scientific instrument used to automate the DNA sequencing process. Given a sample of DNA, a DNA sequencer is used to determine the order of the four bases: G , C , A and T . This is then reported as a text string, called a read.
Importantly, their reactivity depends on local RNA structure e.g. base-pairing or accessibility. Differences in reactivity can therefore serve as a footprint of structure along the sequence. Different reagents react at different positions on the RNA structure, and have different spectra of reactivity. [1]
Figure 1. TATA box structural elements. The TATA box consensus sequence is TATAWAW, where W is either A or T. In molecular biology, the TATA box (also called the Goldberg–Hogness box) [1] is a sequence of DNA found in the core promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes. [2]
Sequence analysis tasks are often non-trivial to resolve and require the use of relatively complex approaches, many of which are the backbone behind many existing sequence analysis tools. Of the many methods used in practice, the most popular include the following: Dynamic programming; Artificial neural network; Hidden Markov model; Support ...
This method of sequencing utilizes binding characteristics of a library of short single stranded DNA molecules (oligonucleotides), also called DNA probes, to reconstruct a target DNA sequence. Non-specific hybrids are removed by washing and the target DNA is eluted. [142] Hybrids are re-arranged such that the DNA sequence can be reconstructed.
DNA exists in many possible conformations that include A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms, although only B-DNA and Z-DNA have been directly observed in functional organisms. [14] The conformation that DNA adopts depends on the hydration level, DNA sequence, the amount and direction of supercoiling, chemical modifications of the bases, the type and ...
Mapping the brain at the cellular level in vertebrates currently requires post-mortem (after death) microscopic analysis of limited portions of brain tissue. Non-optical techniques that rely on high-throughput DNA sequencing have been proposed recently by Anthony Zador (CSHL).