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Together these sensors provide 6 component motion sensing; accelerometers for X, Y, and Z movement, and gyroscopes for measuring the extent and rate of rotation in space (roll, pitch and yaw). Some devices [ 28 ] [ 29 ] additionally incorporate a magnetometer to provide absolute angular measurements relative to the Earth's magnetic field.
A fibre-optic gyroscope (FOG) senses changes in orientation using the Sagnac effect, thus performing the function of a mechanical gyroscope. However its principle of operation is instead based on the interference of light which has passed through a coil of optical fibre , which can be as long as 5 kilometres (3 mi).
An inertial measurement unit works by detecting linear acceleration using one or more accelerometers and rotational rate using one or more gyroscopes. [3] Some also include a magnetometer which is commonly used as a heading reference. Some IMUs, like Adafruit's 9-DOF IMU, include additional sensors like temperature. [4]
An inertial navigation system (INS; also inertial guidance system, inertial instrument) is a navigation device that uses motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors and a computer to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the ...
In computing, a motion controller is a type of input device that uses accelerometers, gyroscopes, cameras, or other sensors to track motion. Motion controllers see use as game controllers , for virtual reality and other simulation purposes, and as pointing devices for smart TVs and Personal computers .
A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) consists of a ring laser having two independent counter-propagating resonant modes over the same path; the difference in phase is used to detect rotation. It operates on the principle of the Sagnac effect which shifts the nulls of the internal standing wave pattern in response to angular rotation.
Gyroscopes measure the angular rate of rotational movement about one or more axes. Gyroscopes can measure complex motion accurately in multiple dimensions, tracking the position and rotation of a moving object unlike accelerometers which can only detect the fact that an object has moved or is moving in a particular direction.
The compass comprises a fibre optic gyroscope sensor that operates on the principle of the Sagnac effect which links to a computer and then locates north. [3] This in turn links to a compass readout to provide a heading. [4] It has very high reliability and requires little maintenance during its service life. [4]