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The Genographic Project, launched on 13 April 2005 by the National Geographic Society and IBM, was a genetic anthropological study (sales discontinued on 31 May 2019) that aimed to map historical human migrations patterns by collecting and analyzing DNA samples. [1] The final phase of the project was Geno 2.0 Next Generation. [2]
The results of a DNA study conducted by the National Geographic's "The Genographic Project", based on genetic testings of Filipino people by the National Geographic in 2008–2009, found that the Philippines is made up of around 53% Southeast Asia and Oceania, 36% East Asian, 5% European, 3% South Asian and 2% Native American genes. [1]
However, DNA cannot reliably indicate Native American ancestry, and no DNA test can indicate tribal origin. [64] [65] [66] DNA testing and research has provided some data about the extent of Native American ancestry among African Americans, which varies in the general population.
[47] In the 2000 census, there were 2.5 million Native Americans. Since 1960, people may self-identify their ancestry on the US Census. [47] Native American activism and a rising interest in Native American history appear to have resulted in more individuals identifying as having Native American ancestry on the census.
In a related DNA Project of FT-DNA, the frequency of Q-M25 in Székelys (Szeklers) reaches 4.3%. [ 116 ] [ 117 ] The Caucasus region shows a frequency at 1.2% in a study, [ 94 ] but it may reach over 4% in Azerbaijan , in that 4.9% of the neighboring Iranian Azerbaijanis harbor Q-M242. [ 93 ]
A 2011 autosomal DNA study conducted in Mexico City with 1,310 samples indicated that the average proportion of Native American, European, and African ancestry for the population was 64, 32 and four percent, respectively. Additional autosomal DNA studies conducted on people from Mexico City show a predominantly Native American background, with ...
Aztecs were the largest single Native American group in the 2020 census, while Cherokee was the largest group in combination with any other race. [232] Tribes have established their criteria for membership, which are often based on blood quantum, lineal descent, or residency. A minority of Native Americans live in land units called Indian ...
[58] [173] An indigenous American sample from 16,000 BCE in Idaho, which is craniometrically similar to modern Native Americans, was found to have been closely related to Paleosiberians, confirming that Ancestral Native Americans split from an ancient Siberian source population somewhere in northeastern Siberia. Genetic data on samples with ...