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The foreach statement in some languages has some defined order, processing each item in the collection from the first to the last. The foreach statement in many other languages, especially array programming languages, does not have any particular order.
The following list contains syntax examples of how a range of element of an array can be accessed. In the following table: first – the index of the first element in the slice; last – the index of the last element in the slice; end – one more than the index of last element in the slice; len – the length of the slice (= end - first)
For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.
Array-oriented, function-level, tacit, concurrent No JADE: Application, distributed Yes Yes No No No No No Java: Application, business, client-side, general, mobile development, server-side, web Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Concurrent De facto standard via Java Language Specification JavaScript: Client-side, server-side, web Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
COBOL uses the STRING statement to concatenate string variables. MATLAB and Octave use the syntax "[x y]" to concatenate x and y. Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET can also use the "+" sign but at the risk of ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number are together. Microsoft Excel allows both "&" and the function "=CONCATENATE(X,Y)".
The OptimJ programming language is an extension of Java 5. As does Java, Optimj provides maps; but OptimJ also provides true associative arrays. Java arrays are indexed with non-negative integers; associative arrays are indexed with any type of key.
Not all C# lifted operators have been defined to propagate null unconditionally, if one of the operands is null. Specifically, the Boolean operators have been lifted to support ternary logic thus keeping impedance with SQL. The Java Boolean operators do not support ternary logic, nor is it implemented in the base class library.
When x is an array, it acts like a foreach loop. {{ #x }} Some text {{ /x }} The special variable {{.}} refers to the current item when looping through an array, or the item checked in a conditional.