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Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD) also believed that John was the beloved disciple, in his Tractates on the Gospel of John. [23] The assumption that the beloved disciple was one of the Apostles is based on the observation that he was apparently present at the Last Supper, and Matthew and Mark state that Jesus ate with the Twelve. [24]
Later at the crucifixion, Jesus tells his mother, "Woman, here is your son", and to the Beloved Disciple he says, "Here is your mother." [48] When Mary Magdalene discovers the empty tomb, she runs to tell the Beloved Disciple and Peter. The two men rush to the empty tomb and the Beloved Disciple is the first to reach the empty tomb.
Traditionally, this was often believed to be the same person as John the Apostle (John, son of Zebedee), one of the apostles of Jesus, to whom the Gospel of John was also attributed. [8] The early-2nd-century writer, Justin Martyr, was the first to equate the author of Revelation with John the Evangelist. [9] [citation needed]
The Disciple whom Jesus loved (or Beloved Disciple) – an unnamed person referenced several times in the Fourth Gospel itself. Some theologians and scholars have, by way of elimination, identified this disciple as one of the Twelve Disciples of Jesus, usually John, son of Zebedee.
John the Evangelist [a] (c. 6 AD – c. 100 AD) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Gospel of John.Christians have traditionally identified him with John the Apostle, John of Patmos, and John the Presbyter, [2] although there is no consensus on how many of these may actually be the same individual.
Jesus and John at the Last Supper, by Valentin de Boulogne. The Gospel of John makes references to the "disciple whom Jesus loved" (John 13:23, [27] John 19:26, [28] John 21:7–20), [29] a phrase which does not occur in the Synoptic Gospels. In the text, this "beloved disciple" is present at the crucifixion of Jesus, with Jesus' mother, Mary.
The Gospel of John, like all the gospels, is anonymous. [14] John 21:22 [15] references a disciple whom Jesus loved and John 21:24–25 [16] says: "This is the disciple who is testifying to these things and has written them, and we know that his testimony is true". [11]
The Acts of John refers to a collection of stories about John the Apostle that began circulating in written form as early as the 2nd-century AD. Translations of the Acts of John in modern languages have been reconstructed by scholars from a number of manuscripts of later date. The Acts of John are generally classified as New Testament apocrypha.