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Official figures put the total number of documentable executions during the years 1937 and 1938 at 681,692, [172] [173] in addition to 116,000 deaths in the Gulag, [1] and 2,000 unofficially killed in non-article 58 shootings; [1] whereas the total estimate of deaths brought about by Soviet repression during the Great Purge ranges from 950,000 ...
According to historian Stephen Wheatcroft, approximately 1 million of these deaths were "purposive" while the rest happened through neglect and irresponsibility. [2] The deaths of at least 5.5 to 6.5 million [14] persons in the Soviet famine of 1932–1933 are sometimes, though not always, included with the victims of the Stalin era. [2] [15]
The first Party purge of the Joseph Stalin era took place in 1929–1930 in accordance with a resolution of the XVI Party Conference. [4] Purges became deadly under Stalin. More than 10 percent of the party members were purged. At the same time, a significant number of new industrial workers joined the Party.
Estimates of individuals killed range from a low of 10–20 million to as high as 148 million. The concepts of connecting disparate killings to the status of the communist states which committed them, and of trying to ascribe common causes and factors to them, have been both supported and criticized by the academic community.
Stalin “killed systematically rather than episodically,” the Stanford historian Norman Naimark has observed. An elderly woman passes a house shelled by Russians in the village of Krasylivka ...
Lakoba was accused of "nationalist deviationism", of having helped Trotsky, and of trying to kill both Stalin and Beria. [24] With Lakoba dead, Beria effectively took control of Abkhazia and implemented a policy of "Georgification". [25] In the months that followed Lakoba's death, members of his family were implicated on charges against the state.
Joseph Stalin's purges and massacres between 1936 and the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany (Great Purge) had about one million victims. This list includes some of the most prominent victims along with the date of their deaths. Except where otherwise stated, the date is that on which the individual was executed by shooting.
Throughout the history of the Soviet Union, tens of millions of people suffered political repression, which was an instrument of the state since the October Revolution.It culminated during the Stalin era, then declined, but it continued to exist during the "Khrushchev Thaw", followed by increased persecution of Soviet dissidents during the Brezhnev era, and it did not cease to exist until late ...