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Smoking is a generalized risk factor for generalized forms of aggressive periodontitis. Studies found that smokers have more affected teeth than non-smokers and high levels of attachment loss. This is due to the suppression of serum IgG2 and antibody against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans found in smokers.
This is likely due to several effects of smoking on the immune response including decreased wound healing, suppression of antibody production, and the reduction of phagocytosis by neutrophils [59] Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (also known as palmoplantar keratoderma) are also risk factors for periodontitis.
There is a relationship between smoking tobacco and periodontal disease, wound healing and oral cancers. [15] Nicotine, the major pharmacologically active ingredient in tobacco smoke, lessens a host's ability to defend against bacterial invasion induced by plaque. [citation needed] It is also the ingredient responsible for addiction. [16]
Smoking or drug use can cause discoloring as well (such as "meth mouth"). Although described as the colour coral pink, variation in colour is possible. This can be the result of factors such as: thickness and degree of keratinization of the epithelium, blood flow to the gums, natural pigmentation of the skin, disease, and medications. [3]
While the detrimental effects of smoking on soft tissues and organs - such as increased risks of lung, bladder, and throat cancers, as well as stroke and coronary artery disease - are well ...
A risk factor is a variable that in health can be defined as "a characteristic associated with an increased rate of a subsequently occurring disease". [24] Risk factors are variables that contribute to disease, rather than being factors that induce disease. Risk factors may be seen as modifiable and non-modifiable.
If you are not into weed but maybe engage in the occasional cocktail or Elfbar, your skin could be taking a hit too, says Dr. Lal. Tobacco has not technically ever been proven to cause acne, he ...
Smokeless tobacco keratosis (STK) [4] is a condition which develops on the oral mucosa (the lining of the mouth) in response to smokeless tobacco use. Generally it appears as a white patch, located at the point where the tobacco is held in the mouth.