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Along with these social conditions, "Gender, education, occupation, income, ethnicity, and place of residence are all closely linked to people's access to, experiences of, and benefits from health care." [1] Social determinants of disease can be attributed to broad social forces such as racism, gender inequality, poverty, violence, and war. [4]
The World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health reported in 2008 that the SDOH factors were responsible for the bulk of diseases and injuries, and that these were the major causes of health inequities in all countries. [3] In the US, SDOH were estimated to account for 70% of avoidable mortality. [4]
In the realm of public health, the concept of social determinants of health (SDOH) has emerged as a crucial framework for comprehending the myriad factors that influence an individual’s well-being. While medical care and genetics play significant roles, a person’s health outcomes are also profoundly shaped by their social, economic, and ...
Social determinants of health; Social determinants of health in Mexico; Social determinants of health in poverty; Social determinants of mental health; Social determinants of obesity; Social medicine; Social predictors of depression
Although health research is often organized by disease categories or organ systems, theoretical development in social epidemiology is typically organized around factors that influence health (i.e., health determinants rather than health outcomes). Many social factors are thought to be relevant for a wide range of health domains.
As a field of study it is interested in all aspects of life, including contemporary as well as historical influences, that impact and alter health and wellbeing. [1] [2] It establishes that, from birth to death, social processes interweave and influence health and wellbeing.
Social epidemiology focuses on the patterns in morbidity and mortality rates that emerge as a result of social characteristics. While an individual's lifestyle choices or family history may place him or her at an increased risk for developing certain illnesses, there are social inequalities in health that cannot be explained by individual factors. [1]
Poverty is one of the major social determinants of health. The World Health Report (2002) states that diseases of poverty account for 45% of the disease burden in the countries with high poverty rate which are preventable or treatable with existing interventions. [2] Diseases of poverty are often co-morbid and ubiquitous with malnutrition. [3]