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Largest known prime number. The largest known prime number is 2136,279,841 − 1, a number which has 41,024,320 digits when written in the decimal system. It was found on October 12, 2024 on a cloud-based virtual machine volunteered by Luke Durant to the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS). [1]
This is a list of articles about prime numbers.A prime number (or prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers.
These numbers have been proved prime by computer with a primality test for their form, for example the Lucas–Lehmer primality test for Mersenne numbers. Φ 3 ( x ) {\displaystyle \Phi _{3}(x)} is the third cyclotomic polynomial , defined as x 2 + x + 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}+x+1} .
A standardized way of writing very large numbers allows them to be easily sorted in increasing order, and one can get a good idea of how much larger a number is than another one. To compare numbers in scientific notation, say 5×10 4 and 2×10 5, compare the exponents first, in this case 5 > 4, so 2×10 5 > 5×10 4.
The naming procedure for large numbers is based on taking the number n occurring in 10 3n+3 (short scale) or 10 6n (long scale) and concatenating Latin roots for its units, tens, and hundreds place, together with the suffix -illion. In this way, numbers up to 10 3·999+3 = 10 3000 (short scale) or 10 6·999 = 10 5994 (long scale) may be named.
A megaprime is a prime number with at least one million decimal digits. [1]Other terms for large primes include "titanic prime", coined by Samuel Yates in the 1980s for a prime with at least 1000 digits [2] (of which the smallest is 10 999 +7), [3] and "gigantic prime" for a prime with at least 10,000 digits [4] (of which the smallest is 10 9999 +33603).
Since this is also a multiple of 4 for k > 0, 2 4k ±1 ≡ ±12 (mod 20). Thus, all Mersenne numbers M 4k +1 are congruent to 11 modulo 20 and end in 11, 31, 51, 71 or 91, while Mersenne numbers M 4k −1 ≡ 7 (mod 20) and end in 07, 27, 47, 67, or 87. For the perfect numbers, define P n = 2 n−1 M n be the value which is perfect if M n is prime.
In probability theory, the law of large numbers (LLN) is a mathematical law that states that the average of the results obtained from a large number of independent random samples converges to the true value, if it exists. [1] More formally, the LLN states that given a sample of independent and identically distributed values, the sample mean ...