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German physicist Heinrich Hertz first demonstrated the existence of radio waves in 1887 using what we now know as a dipole antenna (with capacitative end-loading). On the other hand, Guglielmo Marconi empirically found that he could just ground the transmitter (or one side of a transmission line, if used) dispensing with one half of the antenna, thus realizing the vertical or monopole antenna.
An earth-grounded 4:1 voltage balun may be used to connect the coax to the ladder line, and 1:1 current balun should be used between the coax and the transmitter. [8] Several sources point out that a current balun not only prevents RF interference, but also reduces receive noise.
A balun / ˈ b æ l ʌ n / (from "balanced to unbalanced", originally, but now derived from "balancing unit") [1] is an electrical device that allows balanced and unbalanced lines to be interfaced without disturbing the impedance arrangement of either line. [2] A balun can take many forms and may include devices that also transform impedances ...
To connect balanced and unbalanced components, a two port device called a balun is used. A balun is a transformer that couples between balanced and unbalanced transmission line components. For example, to feed a dipole antenna from an unbalanced feedline like coaxial cable, the feedline is connected to the antenna through a balun. Without the ...
The balun is a 16:1 ratio, thereby transforming the 50 Ω (ohm) coax to an 800 Ω feed at the antenna. The resistor load is also 800 Ω , non-inductive. This allows the antenna impedance to swing from 400–1,600 Ω over the frequency range intended and thus keep the SWR at the transmitter 2:1 or lower.
The dipole antenna, which is the basis for most antenna designs, is a balanced component, with equal but opposite voltages and currents applied at its two terminals. The vertical antenna is a monopole antenna, not balanced with respect to ground. The ground (or any large conductive surface) plays the role of the second conductor of a monopole.
A halo antenna, or halo, is a center-fed 1 / 2 wavelength dipole antenna, which has been bent into a circle, with a break directly opposite the feed point. The dipole's ends are close, but do not touch, and the ends on either side of the gap may be flared out to form a larger air gap capacitor, whose spacing is used to fine-adjust the ...
A two-element array with the elements spaced a quarter wavelength apart has a distinct cardioid radiation pattern when the second element is driven with a source −90° out of phase relative to the first element. A log-periodic antenna (LPDA) consists of many dipole elements of decreasing length, all of which are driven. However, because they ...