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Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) (also differential pulse polarography, DPP) is a voltammetry method used to make electrochemical measurements and a derivative of linear sweep voltammetry or staircase voltammetry, with a series of regular voltage pulses superimposed on the potential linear sweep or stairsteps.
At pH = 7, when [ H +] = 10 −7 M, the reduction potential of H + differs from zero because it depends on pH. Solving the Nernst equation for the half-reaction of reduction of two protons into hydrogen gas gives: 2 H + + 2 e − ⇌ H 2
In electrochemistry, the Randles–Ševčík equation describes the effect of scan rate on the peak current (i p) for a cyclic voltammetry experiment. For simple redox events where the reaction is electrochemically reversible, and the products and reactants are both soluble, such as the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple, i p depends not only on the concentration and diffusional properties of the ...
In one example, [7] linear voltammetry was used to examine direct methane production via a biocathode. Since the production of methane from CO 2 is an irreversible reaction, cyclic voltammetry did not present any distinct advantage over linear sweep voltammetry. This group found that the biocathode produced higher current densities than a plain ...
In electrochemistry, the Cottrell equation describes the change in electric current with respect to time in a controlled potential experiment, such as chronoamperometry. Specifically it describes the current response when the potential is a step function in time.
Where k is a geometric constant (disk, k = 4; hemispherical, k =2π), n is the number of electrons involved in the reaction, F is the Faraday constant (96 485 C eq−1), a is the radius of the electroactive surface, D is the diffusion coefficient of the redox species (D ferrocene methanol = 7.8 × 10 −6 ; D ruthenium hexamine = 8.7 × 10 −6 ...
Such rates provide insights into the structure and bonding in the analyte and the electrode. For example, the exchange current densities for platinum and mercury electrodes for reduction of protons differ by a factor of 10 10, indicative of the excellent catalytic properties of platinum. Owing to this difference, mercury is the preferred ...
Electrochemistry, which studies the interaction between electrical energy and chemical changes. This technique allows us to analyse reactions that involve electron transfer processes (redox reactions). [7] Spectroscopy, which studies the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter (absorption, dispersion or emission). [8] [9]