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Armand Jean du Plessis, [a] 1st Duke of Richelieu (9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), known as Cardinal Richelieu, [b] was a French Catholic prelate and statesman who had an outsized influence in civil and religious affairs.
Louis Antoine Sophie de Vignerot du Plessis, 4th Duke of Richelieu (4 February 1736 – 1791), was a French nobleman and general. He was known by the courtesy title of Duke of Fronsac before 1788. He also held the titles of Prince de Mortagne, Marquis du Pont-Courlay, Count of Cosnac, Baron de Barbezieux, Baron de Coze and Baron of Saugeon.
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu (1585–1642), cardinal, 1st Duke of Richelieu, first minister under Louis XIII. Armand Jean de Vignerot du Plessis (1629–1715), 2nd Duke of Richelieu, great-nephew of the cardinal. Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis (1696–1788), 3rd Duke of Richelieu, marshal of France, son of the second Duke.
Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis was born in Paris, and Louis XIV of France was his godfather. In his early days, he was thrice imprisoned in the Bastille: in 1711 at the instance of his stepfather, in 1716 in consequence of a duel, and in 1719 for his share in the Cellamare Conspiracy of Giulio Alberoni against Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the regent for Louis XV of France.
Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septimanie de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac (25 September 1766 – 17 May 1822), was a French statesman during the Bourbon Restoration. He was known by the courtesy title of Count of Chinon until 1788, then Duke of Fronsac until 1791, when he succeeded his father as Duke of Richelieu .
Vignerod du Plessis was the owner of a collection that was admired for its quality by Gian Lorenzo Bernini when he visited Paris in 1665. Paul Fréart de Chantelou, Bernini's guide and the chronicler of his visit, mentions Nicolas Poussin's the Plague at Ashdod (1630–1631, Louvre), one of fifteen paintings by Poussin owned by the duke, among which were the Saint James the Great's Vision of ...
Born the daughter of Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu, and Princess Élisabeth Sophie de Lorraine (daughter of Joseph, Count of Harcourt), a French prince étranger, she was raised with her paternal aunt in a Benedictine convent.
Despite their differences, Hortense and her husband had four children: Marie Charlotte de La Porte (28 March 1662 – 13 May 1729) married Louis Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, duc d'Aiguillon , Marie Anne de La Porte (1663 – October 1720) became an abbess