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Activated sludge tank at Beckton sewage treatment plant, UK.The white bubbles are due to the diffused air aeration system. The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.
Sewage treatment; Skimmer (machine) Slow sand filter; Stabilization pond; Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) Thermal hydrolysis; Treatment pond; Trickle-bed reactor; Trickling filter; Ultrafiltration; Ultraviolet disinfection; Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion; Urine-diverting dry toilet; Vermifilter; Vacuum evaporation; Wet oxidation
Sewage sludge treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater.Sewage sludge is produced from the treatment of wastewater in sewage treatment plants and consists of two basic forms — raw primary sludge and secondary sludge, also known as activated sludge in the case of the activated sludge process.
Secondary treatment (mostly biological wastewater treatment) is the removal of biodegradable organic matter (in solution or suspension) from sewage or similar kinds of wastewater. [ 1 ] : 11 The aim is to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality in a sewage treatment plant suitable for the intended disposal or reuse option.
Water to be filtered is then applied to the filter surface until the filter clogs and the backwash cycle needs to be repeated. [3]: 264–8 [4]: 10.53–10.58 [5]: 937–9 [6]: 8.11–8.18 [7]: 353–6 Some water treatment filters use surface wash systems that break up the heavily clogged, granular media surface layer.
On the other hand, in extensive (natural) treatment processes, such as ponds and constructed wetlands, the produced sludge remains accumulated in the treatment units (liquid line) and is only removed after several years of operation. [2] Sludge treatment options depend on the amount of solids generated and other site-specific conditions.
Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.
The term sewage treatment plant (STP) (or sewage treatment works) is nowadays often replaced with the term wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). [7] [8] Strictly speaking, the latter is a broader term that can also refer to industrial wastewater treatment. The terms water recycling center or water reclamation plants are also in use as synonyms.